Improvement in machines for weaving loom-harness



.IlNirn STATES ArnNr einen..

W'ILLIABI R. HARRIS, OF MANCHESTER, ENGLAND, ANI) GEORGE W7. RIS, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR WEAVING LOOM-HARNESS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N0. 44, l 56, dated September 13,1864.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGE W. HARRIS, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, and WILLIAM R. HARRIS, otl Manchester, England, (late of Middlebury, in the county of Addison and State of Vermont,) have invented new and useful Improvements in Machines for Making Veavers Harness 5 and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact as seen in section at 8O 8O, Figs. 1, 6, and 7,

looking toward left end. Fig. 5 is a vertical section online 30 30, Figs. 1, 6, and 7, looking toward the right end. Fig. 6 is a horizontal plan and section of the parts attached to the frame B at and below the line lO l0, Fig. 1. Fig.`7 is a plan of the upper part of our invention, the, arches F, cross-bars F and K, and the parts connected thereto being' removed on line 2O 2O, Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a plan of sundry parts attached to arches F', crossbars K and F'". Fig. 9 is an end view of shuttle a, Fig. 7. Fig. l() is a vertical section of the said shuttle, it being taken on line 5O 50, Figs. 11 and l2. Fig. 11 is a plan and Fig. l2 is a side elevation of the said shuttle. Figs. 13 and let show the relative positions of the knottingneedles, twine, and twine-bars at certain stages of the operation, hereinafter described. Figs. 15, 1t, 17, 18, 19, and 20 show the relative positions of the shuttletwines and shipper strippers atdifferentstages of the process of forming the hcald, as hereinafter described.

Ve are aware that before our invention' a machine has been made which so operated the heald-twine of the light half77 of a harness as to not only loop it properly but knit it to its back-band. In this machine, however,

the eye and the hard hall'77 of the harness, as well as the leash, had to be made by manual labor, the connection of the same to the back-band being effected by a knitting mechanism.

In our machine we have mechanism for making the entire harness, no manual labor being required to make the hardhalf andthe leash. Besides the above, we have connected with the harnessmaking mechanism certain other mechanism for interweaving with the light half of the harness what is termed a beartwine7 or tokening-thread,77 which is a thread for indicating every twenty or any other desirable number of eyes in the harness. Our machine also embraces mechanism for arresting'its motions Whenever any one of the twines of the shuttle-spools may become too slack or break, or when a shuttle-spool may have its entire twine drawn from it and rcqures to be replenished with more.

Our machine also further contains mechanism by which the machine will be caused to continuein operation until an entire harness may have been made by it, which having been accomplished the operations of the shuttles will be arrested for a period of time in order to enable the back band to be drawn through the machine the necessary length or Ydistance for the commencement of another harness, which having been done the shuttles will again be pnt in operation for the making of this latter harness.

Furthermore, our machine contains a mechanism by which its entire operations may be arrested on the completion of a harness whenever it may be desirable to s0 stop the4 machine.

Having thus enumerated not only our automatic machine for weaving a harness, but its combination with other mechanism for producing effects or results as hereinbeforc stated, we now proceed to explain the arrangement and construction of such machine and its auxiliary parts or mechanism.

First, we will describe the frame:

A and B represent the principal portions of the frame ofthe machine, it being made as clearly shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. A is the upper and B the lower half or portion of the frame.

B represents the cross framing or girts in the lower half, B, of the frame. (See Figs. 2 and 6.)

A and A represent the cross framing or girts in the upper portion, A, of the frame, the saine being shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, and.7.

F F indicate arches rising from and secured to the upper part of the frame and con neeted at their tops by the longitudinal bars F and K. (Shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 8.)

'The said bars F and I are represented in section in Figs. 4 and 5. On the top of the bar K is secured the arch stand 52, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 8.

D is a pulley by which the machine is driven, the said pulley being so made as to run loosely on the shaft- G, or it may be so constructed as to turn the said shaft when the clutch i^,Fig. 1, may be thrown into connection with the pulley D by means of the lever q", Fig. l, and its fork r, working in the clutch-groove c, Fig. 6. The said clutch is drawn apart by a spring, q, attached to the lever q, the whole being shown in Figs. 1, 3, and (i. On the shaft G is secured a small spurgear, F, which engages with a larger gear, E, secured to a cam shaft, H. (See Fig. The said gear E meshes into another gear, F., of the same dimensions and fixed on another cam shaft, H. These shafts H and H are equally distant from the middle of the ma- Achine are airanffed longitudinal] i with res `eet to it, and iest in suitable bearings in the lower cross girts or fran ings, B B B, the whole being represented in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 6. On the cam-shaft H is a bevel-gear, M, which erg iges with a bevel-pinion, N, fixed on a vertical shaft, J, which runs up through or nearly through the machine, and is supported at its lower end in a suitable bearingV on cross gii-t, B. At its upper end the shalt O is supported by a stand, P, secured to a cross-girt,

F. (See Fig. 8.) O11 the upper end of the shaft O there is aheyel-gear, P, which engages with a gear, Q, fixed on a horizontal shaft, R, supported in arches F F.

Having thus described the frame and prit;- cpal shafting and the connecting-gears thereof', we will now proceed to explain tle first elementary part of the machine-Aia., the machinery t'tr supporting the back-bands at any required distance apart for any desirable depth oflieald, and moving them in the order necessary for the operation ofthe shuttles.

Upon the arches F F are the stands Z Z, in which the baekband spools Y Y (see Figs. l, 2, and 8) are supported. Through F F are secured the hollow studs W W, on which are xed two elbow center points, C c, (see Figs.-1, 2, 3, and 4,) at any desired distance apart by means of set-screws 67 and 69. For the p1 rpose of obtaining the proper tension on the back-band twine, we place within the (l how center points frictionbuttons 75,-(see Fig. 4,) pressed together by springs, their prt ssure being regulated by a-screw, 75, which passes through, but does not screw into the springs, but screws into the elbows c c. (See Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and S.)

Directly under the center points c c are rollers l l, which are supported in suitable .euing-twine X.

bearings in or near the iniddlcs of the crossgirts B B. On the roller l is the roller l. n a are semicircular grooves made near the roller Z and near its bearings, and are for the reception of weight-hooks or springs for holding the roller l more firmly against the roller l, should the weight of the latter roller not be sufficient. The rollers l Z receive their motion through the train of gearing from the cam-shaft H in the following manner: Fixed on the shaft His a bevel-gear, a,

which engages with a corresponding gear, 17, t

(see Fig. 4,) placed on the upper end of shaft 18, on the lower end of which is cut a worin that drives a gear fixed on a shaft, 20. On the left end ot the said shaft 20 there is a gear, 21, which meshes into another gear, 22, of like. size, and supported on a stud fixed in the girt B. 25 (see Fig. 6) is a swing stud and stand, which 4carries a gear, 23, that meshes into the gears 22 and 24. This latter gear is on the right end ot' thc talie up roller L. The gears 22, 23, and 24 may be changed for others of different diameters, such as may he desirable for the purpose of regulating the i number of heddles to the inch, and of taking away the back bands or harness, as the'sanie may bc made.

The before-mentioned studs W \'V are niade hollow in order that the back-band twincs may pass through them. The said backband twines or cords Y Y pass from the spools toward and through the hollow studs W WV and along between the friction-buttons seen just above Y in Fig. 4. Next they turn down around the pins 75', and drop vertically .beyond points 0 c and inside of the twinebars cl d, and theneepass between the takeup rollers l L, the whole being as represented in Figs. l, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

The second elementary part ofthe machineviz., a mechanism for knittingfastening-twines and theshuttle-twines tothe baeli-bands-may be thus explained.

On the hollow studs VV XV, (see Fig. 1,) and next the arches F F, are gears V V, kept in place by collars 79. (See Fig.1.) To each ot' the gears V a spool-carrier, 68, (see Fig. 8,) is secured, on which is a spool, X, for the fastening-twine. A twineguide, 65, is also attached to the gear V. a screw-spring and-trictioii-butto1is, 76, (see Fig. 5,) for regulating the tension on the fast- 66 are springs on the guide 65, for the purpose of taking up any slack in the fastening-twines X as they are carried around the back bands and the elbow center points, e c". (See Figs. l, 2, and 4.) The gears V V receive their motion from the shaft l as follows: At either end of the shaft R is a spur-gear, S, which meshes into another gear, T, supported by a stud, U. The gear T meshes into the gear V. (See Fig. S.)

13 and 14, 15 and -16 (see Figs. l and 4) are hooks and needles supported properly by adjustable stands 64 64, through which such haoks and needles pass at a slight inclina This twine-guide has tion from the vertical, and during each revolution of the cam shaft H are twice operated by levers 8 and 11 and cams S and 11. (See Figs. 1, 4, and 6.) The upper ends ot' the said needles 14 and v16 run up just past the twine-bar d. The hooks 13 and 15 run up past and to the right and left ot' the center points, c c. (See Figs. 4, 7, I3, and 14.) In Fig. 13 the hook is shown at its greatest elevation, and in Fig. 14 at its lowest point of depression.

The two fastening-twines X X in their circuit around the elbow center points, c c are brought in contact with the hooks 13 and 15, and by the combined action ot the hooks and needles 13 and 14, 15 and 16 are tirmly knit to the back-band cords Y Y', thus forming a tress, which serves to hold the heald or shuttle twines to the back-bands.

rlhe third elementary part of the said inachine or automatic combination, consisting` otl mechanism for operating the two twines for forming the li j,ht7 and hard sides of the harness, may be described as follows:

aand b are shuttles containing twine-spools 68, arranged on proper spindles. Attached tio the spindle of each ofthe shuttles, and on the tcp ot' such shuttles, is the twine guide (i7. ln the bottom ot' each ot' the shuttles are guides 69 and 70. On the sides ot' each shuttle are guides 71 and 72, with their springs 73 and 74, such device being for the purpose ot' taking up the slack of the twines and keepingthem dra-wn to an equal tension at all times. Shuttle u is used in forming the knotted side, and shuttle I) for weaving the light (r looped7 side, of the harness.

From the cross-bar k", and extending directly downward, is the centerpiece k, the lower point of which reaches just below the girt A of' the frame and serves not only to keep the two shuttle-twines extended in order that they may be the more readilyy looped together and the knot tied, but also i'or gaging the size of the eye.

On the cam-shaft H are clutches 43 and 44, (see Fig. 6,) the clutch 43 being so formed as to engage with a spur-gear,l. The said spurgear is fitted so as to be capable of revolving loosely on the cam-shaft H, in order that the parts driven by this gear I may remain stationary whenever the said gear I may not be in contact with the clutch 43. The spur gear I meshes into a gear, J, (see Fig. 7,) supported by a stud, y". gear, K, attixed on a shaft, L, (see Figs. 2 and 3,) on which also is the cam C, which is provided with a cam-groove, C. g is a carriage or shuttle-box frame, kept in place by four guides, 1', the middle portion ot' it resting on the girt A. The guides z'" are secured to the upper partA of the fraaie. The said shuttlebox frame has four shuttle-boxes, c, d, e, and f, which during the operation of the machine will be driven in the order required from right to left and left to right by means otl the cam O and a roller, i, (shown by dotted lines r1`he gear J engages with another l in Fig. 2,) on a stud, i', fixed in an ear otl the frame g, the said roller t extending into the groove C of the cam C. The cam C is used not-only for the purpose ot' moving the shutboxes, but also t'orholdin g them in the required positions for the movements of the shuttles back and forth in their respective boxes as the operation of forming the harness may require. The shuttle-boxes c and fare used for carrying the knotting-shuttlea in thefollowing manner: The shuttle ci, being in the box c, as shown in Fig. 7, is carried from the right of the elbows center point c and the back-band, as previously described, to the left of the fixed center piece 7c', where it pauses. Next the i shuttle is moved by the action of the pickerstaft 3 from the box c to the box j'. The boxes then move to the right, the box f carrying the shuttle a to the right of the center piece lr. Next another pause of the shuttleboxes takes place, during which the shuttle a will be moved by the action of the picker-stati' 6 from the box f to the box c, and afterward, by the i picker-statt- 2, such shuttle will be thrown i from the box c to the box f. Again, bythe l picker (i the shuttle will be thrown from the box] to the box c. Next the shuttle-boxes move to the right, and the shuttle a will be l brought back to its starting point from the i position of tying the knot in the same box c. i When the boxes again pause the shuttle a will i be moved into the box j' by the picker l. The shuttle a has now made all the movements l necessary in the formation of one eye otl the harness.

rlhe boxes d and c carry the shuttle b for the light or looped side of the harness. At the i same time that the shuttle a is in position to pass to the leit ofthe center point K/ the shuttlc b is in position in the box d to cross to the left of the center point c, (see Figs. l and 7,) f and the back-band cord Y. When the picki r 3 moves the shuttle a, the picker 4 moves the shuttle b from the box d to the box c. The boxes next move to the right, so as to permit the shuttle a to pass just to the right of the center piece 7i. The shuttle b remains stationary during the time that the shuttle a may be in the act ot' being thrown back and forth in the boxes e and j'. rlhe shuttle-box e carries the shuttle b to the right of the center piece k', while the box c carries the shuttle a to the right of the center point c and the back-band cord Y. While the shuttle a goes from the box c to the box f the picker-stait will move the shuttle b from the box e to the box d. Thus we have completed all the necessary movements for the formation ot' one loop of the light side of the harness during precisely the same time in which the shuttle a makes the necessary movements for the formation otl the first eye of the hard or knotted side ofthe harness, as hereinbet'ore described.

During the time that the shuttle a may be making the movements necessary for the formation ot the second eye ofthe hard or knotted side of the harness the shuttle b will repeat similar movements until the harness mayhave been completed.

In forming the second eye the shuttle a will be carried from right to left by the box f, (instead ofthe box c.) Next it will pass from the boxfto the box c. Next it is carried by the box c, and from the left to the right of' the center piece k'. Next the shuttle is carried from the right of the center piece k' to the i extreme right or starting-point in the box j",

the said shuttle being next thrown from the boxf to the box c by the picker-staff'5. Thus we have completed all the necessary motions of' the shuttle-boxes c and f in the formation of the second eye of the harness.

These said operations are continued alternately until the whole harness may be completed or at the plea-sure of the operator.

,This alternate formation of the eyes or knotted side of the harness by the peculiar motions of the shuttle a., as above described, are for the purpose of' forming the leash.

Attached to each of the shnttle-boxes'c, d, e, and f is a springcatch, j, it being for the purpose of holding the shuttle in the box until such shuttle may be released by the force of the picker-staff, which, acting on the said spring, will throw the catch 7c (see Fig. 4) on the springj (see Fig. 7) out of al recess in the shuttle. At l l l l are suitable blocks of' wood or other proper material, held in place by caps and screws. These blocks are for the purpose of preventing the shuttle from being thrown too far.

p"p" sce Fig. 7) are springs at either end ofthe machine. They bear against the opposite ends of the carriage g, and not only assist the cam C in overcoming the inertia of the carriageat starting, but serve to assist in overcoming themomentum of the said carriage at the period of its being stopped at either end of' its movement.

The picker-staves aforementioned are drawn inward by the contraction of the springs, as shown at 55 and 56 in Fig. 5, one end of each of the said springs being attached to the bars 57 and 58, and the other end tothe pins 57' and 58' in the stavejs 2and 6. The shuttles are thrown only when the notches in the cams come opposite to the points 2'l and 6" on the picker staves 2 and 6. Each of the staves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 is of' the saine-pattern and is vprovided with a spring. They are moved outward by the cams 1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6', and 7', fixed on the shafts H and H', such being shown in Fig. 6. The said picker-staves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 have at their lower end the f'ulcra o" o" o" 0"o o", secured to girts 54, they being affixed to the cross girts B' B' by the pendants 59 and 60. I

On the inside face ofthe cam C is a cam, h"", for moving to the left the vibrating bars h'", the spiral spring K'" (see Fig. 1) moving them to the rightwhen the cam h"" (see Fig. 1) may permit. The bars t'" move in suitable bearings, 61 and 62, and support the vibrating fin .ers h' h". (See Figs. 4 and 5.) The said lingers have suitable connections with levers l0 and 12, (see Fig. 4,) and are raised and lowered at proper times by the cams 10' and 12', xed on the shafts H and H'. (See Fig. 6.) The said fingers h' h" have thus imparted to them not onlyra vibrating but a rising and falling motion, and are used for the purpose of carrying out the twine in the form of a bow or loop from the centerpiece k', such loop bey ing for the vpassages of the shuttle in order ,td

form the knot. The thin points of the tension-V fingers g g'", extending past the wire e', assist in making the second loop in the formation of the knot.

ftsee Figs. 1 and 8) is a hinged needle, which is moved vertically by a cam, o', fixed on a shaft, R, and acting on the leverf', and moves it horizontally by acting on leverf'", through which passes the needlef' below the joint of the latter, such being as seen in Fig. l. The object of this needle is to assist in the formation ofthe knot.

g g'" are tension-fingers, with their metal points extending past the wire e' on either side of it. These lingers are fixed in a stand, 53, secured to a cross-bar, K", and are operated by a cam, 50, acting on two levers, 49 and 50', arranged as shown in horizontal plan and section in Figs. 7, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20. The cam 5() is fixed to a spur-gear, 47, (see Fig. 1,) fitted looselyon ashaft, lt. The gear 47 is driven by another gear, 46, (see Fig. 8,) situated directly above the said gear 47. The gear 46 is affixed to a short shaft, 48', which is supported in a bearing, 48V The bearing 48 is secured to the girt F". On the opposite end of shaft 48' (see Figs. 2 and 4) is lixed the spur-gear 45, which is driven by a gear, 46, aiiixed to the shaft R, and is onehalf of the diameter of the gear 45.

Under the fingers g' g" are other iingers, g" 9"", which are supported in suitable stands, e'" 0"", secured to girts A" A". The fingers g" g"" are kept up by spiral springs through which they pass, and are only forced down by the action ofthe fingers g' g" for the purpose of tightening the knot.

To the wire l' is attached both ends of' a small wire, e", (see Figs. 15 and 20,).which serves to keep one portion of' the twine forming the looped side of the harness sufficiently extended to be caught by the lifting-finger p. The finger p' is operated by a cam, 9', (on the cam-shaft H,) by means of its connection with the lever 9. y

The iirst auxiliary part of' our invention is the mechanism for inter weaving with the light half or either half of' the harness a bearstring7 or tekening-thread, such mechanism being thus explained.

z (see Fig. 9) is a pawl fixed at one end on bars lt", and so arranged in relation to the ratchet-whee1 y that the latter will be moved one notch every time the vibrating bars I L'" are moved to the left. The ratchet-wheel y has on its rear side a cam to operate on the lever x'. x" (see Fig. 7) is a spool, the beartwine from which is carried through the end ofthe lever x at m. rl`he ratchet y has usually forty teeth, and during `each revolution of it it will operate the lever a: twice past the center point c.

The next auxiliary part of our invention is the mechanism for arresting' the motions ofi the machine whenever any one of the twines ofthe shuttlespools may break orbeeome slack or a shuttle-spool may have it-s entire twine run from it and require to be replenished with more, the said auxiliary part hein g described as follows, viz:

m m. m are shipper-trippers in connection with the rods n nf, (see Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7,) such trippers bein g for the purpose ot' forcing the shipper-lever 9 from its catch in the bracket 63, (see Fig. 3,) while the spring 9 causes the clutches at i" (see Fig. l) to separate. )Vhen this action may take place, the pulley D can turn freely on the shaft G. (Shown in Figs. l and 6.) The action of the I machine will thus be stopped only when a heald-twine may be drawn entirely away from its spool or may become either too slack or be l broken. Yoked levers g 0' (see Fig. 7) arci made to act on the shipper-trippers m m (see Figs. 7, 15, and 19) alternately, one being free while the other is acted upon. 'The said levers g g are yoked together at their outer ends by a connecting-bar, r, (see Fig. 7,) which turns down at its rear end, in order to allow the long vibrating wire t (sce Fig. 7) to pass through it. the said wire t is secured to a lever, u, which is operated one way by a cam, o, and the other by a spring, s, attached to the bar r and to the carriage q, the arrangement being as shown in Figs. 2 and 7.

`The next auxiliary part ot'our invention is for preserving the leash of the harness and maintaining the twines duly separated for the i reception ot' harness-shafts.

e and l (see Fig. 1) are wires attached to the cross bar K, and securely held in their places by nuts arranged both above and below the bar K, the said wires extending just helow the girts A. (See Fig. 5.) Attached to the wire c is a smaller wire, d', which is bent downward as shown in Fig. 1. 'lhe object of the wire e is to keep the heddlcs that form the front side of the knotted part from those I that form the opposite side ot' the knotted part, or in other words keep the leash.77 The small wire d is used forthe purpose ot' carrying the twines that run from the eyes onto the back-band on one side of one-haltet' the harness farther out ot' center than those of the other side ofthe said halt, thus making the distance from the eye to the back-band on one side greater than the distance of the eye to the back-band on the opposite side of the harness, the back-band being thereby thrown out of center, as will be understood by weavers. When it is not desirable to throw the back-band out of center, the wire e may be twined so as to bring the wire d into line with it and the center point c. The wire I is for the purpose ot' keeping the twines that run from the eye to the back-band of the looped side separate from one another. In order to keep the leash and the looped side twines separate after they leave the wires e' lf, we use twines Yll Y, passing from the back-band spools Y Y to and through the wires l e', (see Fig. 1,) thence down around them and through the lower ends of these wires and between the takevup rollers, thereby keeping the harness always in proper condition to receive harness-shafts.

The next auxiliary part of our invention, and which we shall now proceed to describe, is the mechanism by which the machine will not only be caused to continue in operation until an entire harness may have been made by it, but will have its shuttles or shuttle operating mechanism stopped in action so as to enable the backbands to be drawn through the machine the necessary distance for the commencement of another harness, the sluittles being next thrown into operation for the production of this lastmeutioned harness.

0n the right end of the shaft 20, and outside ofthe part l of the frame, is a spurgear, 26, (see Figs. 2 and 6,) which engages with 'one of equal diameter fixed on a stud, 27/. 30 is a swing-bar depending from said stud 27 and carrying a stud on which runs an intermediate gear, 28, which lneshes into the gears 27 and 29, iixed on a shaft, 3l. The gear 29 may be changed for one of a ditferent and suitable size, the object of so doing being to change the relative motions ofthe shafts 20 and 3l. The shaft 31 has suitable bearings in pendants 31', projecting down from the frame, and 'has iixed upon it a disk, 32, provided with shipper-springs 39 and 40, and spring-guides 4l and 42. lhe lower portion ot disk 32 is inclosed by a double spiral shield, 33, on and by which the shipper-springs 39 and 40 (see Fig. l) are distended as they are carried around by the disk 32 from left to right. 'the said shield is secured to a pendant, 35, extending t'rom the cross girt B. The pendant 35 carries the pivot 36 ot'a clutch-shipl'ier, 34, the lower end ot' which is forked and enibraces the disk 32 just above the shield The upper end of the shipper 34 is also forked and works in a groove, 33, of a. clutch, 43, arranged as seen in Figs. 2 and 6. The object of the apparatus just described is to control automatically the length ofthe shade and the number of eyes therein, as well as the length ofthe blank in the back-bands. rlhe disk 32 makes one revolution to each shade. The next auxiliary part otl our invention is the mechanism by which the entire operation of the machine may be arrested oli completion of a harness, it being` as follows.

p (see Fig. 2) is a shipping-rod,*one end of which enters the groove 3S of the clutch 43. (See Figs. 6 and 7.) The other end ofthe said rod is so connected with the shipping-rod n', before described, that the shipping of the clutch 43 will force the lever 9 (sec Fig. 3)

from its catch in the bracket 63, thus stopping the entire machine, if desired, whenever the clutch 43 is thrown apart.

The object of the above-described invention is to obtain an automatic machine for making weavers7 harness,the eyes thereof being form ed as Ln't by hand, butin a far more perfect and rapid manner.

In operating our invention we supply the spools Y Y with back-band or foundation twines, and also with leash-twines wound on at. the same time. The back-band twines Y Y pass through hollow studs W W, and along between thefriction-buttons, (seen just above Y in Fig. 4.) Next they turn down aiound the pins 75', and drop vertically beyond the points e" c, (see Fig. 1,) and inside of the twine-bars d, and thenre pass between the take 11p-rollers l 1. The said rollers are for the purpose of taking away the harness, as it may be knit, and for regulating the number ot' eyes to the inch, any desirable number being obtained by changing the combination of gears, wnich give motion to the rollers. The depth of the heald is governed by the points c c, which are adjustable at any desirable distance apart. Ihe leash twines Y Y from spools Y Y run to the top of wires a Z, through which they pass and are wound around the wires once or twice, thence down through the machine, and between the ro'lers l l The spools X X are illedl with fastening-twines, from which they run directly to staples in guides 65` and passbetween buttons 76. tSee Fig. 5.) rIh'ence the fastening-twine proceeds to the eye in the guide, thence to tension-spring 66, thence to the eye in the extreme end of the guide, thence around the center points e c, and is fastened to the backband cord Y Y', all as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The tekening spool x is supplied with bear-twine, which is drawn through the leverguide at a', and fastened to the backband at c. (See Fig 7.)

The shuttles c and b are supplied with twines on their spoois 68. Twine from a is fastened to the back band cord at c, twine from b being carried around k to the left and fastened to the back-band cord at c, as shown in Fig. 7.

rIhe twines being now all in place, and the pulley D revolving by means of any suitable motor, we force the clutch r together by moving the lever 9" into the notch in the bracket 63. 'Ihe spring 40 (see Fig. 6) on the disk 32, pressing against the lower end of the clutch-shipper 34, disconnects the clutch 43 from the gear I, in which case the carriage g,

cam c, and the parts depending on their action will remain stationary while the cam shafts H and H are revolving and operating the hooks and needles 13 and 14, 15 and 16, the fastening twine 'carriers 65, center needle l", fingers p g g and IL h, rollers l l, and disk 32. In this operation the back-band cords Y Y will be encircled by the fastening-twines X X, and the said fasteningtwines by the action of the hooks and needles 13, 14, 15, and 16, will be knit to the back-bands, which by the action of the rollers Z l will be properly taken through the machine. As the operation may continue the spring 39 and the disk 32 will be brought in contact with the clutcl1-shipper34, and will press it to the left, and thereby connect the clutch 43 with the clutch on the gear I. This having taken place, the operation of the entire machine continues, as follows: The carriage, with its shuttle, com menccs to move to the left. )Vlien the shuttles c and b come opposite the picker 'staves 3 and 4, the carriage will be at the left extreme of its motion. In the meantime the twinesa b will have been drawn against the shipper-trippers m m", and will turn them outward, so as to clear the shipper-rod n. At the same time the lever 9 will have forced the shipper-tripper m outward so as to clear the shipper-rod n in manner as shown in Fig. 15. The finger Il has at the same time raised the twine b, and the vibrating nger h has been partly raised. The shuttles now move across from the boxes c d to the boxesef, the twine b passing around the center point c" and hook 15. The twine c will then be around the parts h and 7a and under the raised portion ot' the twine b, thus looping the two heald-twines a and b together, the shuttle twines assuming the positions as shown by a2 b2 in Fig. 15. The finger p drops clear of the shuttle-twine b, the carriage moves 'to the right until the shuttle a comes opposite the picker 6 and draws the twine b against the hook 15. The fasteningtwines x au having been carried under and past the points c c and the hooks 15 and 13, the said hooks commence to descend and close on the needles 16 and 14. rI he center vibrating needle, j", will have been raised and vibrated to the right to the position fin Fig. 16. The vibrating tinger h in the meantime will have been raised to nearly halt' its extreme elevation. The shuttle a is next thrown from the box j' to the box c, the twine of such shuttle passing over itself and assuming the position as shown at b2 c3, Fig. 16. The vibrating fingers h h next move to the right and carry the twine a3, which assumes the position, as shown by a4, h, and h in Fig. i6, the tinger h being raised in passing out to its extreme elevation, and thereby raising the twine a. Next the shuttle is thrown from the box c to the box f, going under twine a and over its own twine on the opposite side. The vibrating finger h immediately drops out of the way, the vibrating finger h rises to its extreme elevation, raising the twine onthe side It. The needle j" moves back to its original position, carrying the twine a before it until it may be in the position as shown at b2 and a6 by full lines in Fig. 16. In the meantime the thin point of the tensionnger g has dropped down on the twine between the iingers It and h, depressing the front twines so much as to allow the shuttle to pass freely over them, it having passed under the back twine between the iin gers k and h', the shuttletwines assuming the positions as shown by the full lines b2 and a7 in Fig. 17. The hooks and needles during this time have drawn the shuttle twines and the fastening-twine into the position as vshown in Fig. 14. .llie tinger hfnext drops over half-way down and the tension-finger g rises clear ot' the twine. This being accomplished, the shuttle-box carriage begins to move to the right and the vibrating fingers to the left, the movement of the shuttle drawing the twine close upon the Vfinger h until reaching the position in Fig. 1S. The vibrating bars 70 in carrying the ting-ers h h to their extreme left have moved the ratchetwheel y one notch by the action of the pawl z on the teeth of said wheel y. The hooks and needles 13, 14, and 15, 16 are now at their extreme elevations, as shown in Fig. 13.- The shuttle ci crosses from the box c to the box j'. The shuttle b goes from the box e to the box d, as shown by the full lines b4 a9. The carriage next moves to the extreme lett, the lever a at the start throwing the shippertripper m outward, so as not to come in contact with the shipping-rod a. The twines am and b5 throw the trippers m and m outward, so as to clear the shipper-rods n and n', as sei-n in Fig. 19. In the meantime the tension ringer q' descends and pinches the twine a between it and the lower tinger,g, and draws said twine down over the tension-bar 0 and tightens the knot around the center vibrating needle,f. Next. the finger h rises upwaid7 the center hecldleJ/Lrises out of the knot ot the heddle just now formed. The shuttle a now crosses from the box j' to the. box c. The shuttle b also goes from the box d to the box e, the shuttlea passingbetween the tingerpand the center piece 7.', and thence under the twine b', raised by the finger pf; thence over the twine on the iront side of the harness7 and between the rod Z and the center piece k. The finger h is also raised nearly one-halt' of its extreme elevation, so that the twine is caught on it. rIhe twine b at the same time is brought in contact with the hook 15, as shown at 116 in Fig. 19, the fastening-twine having in the meantime been passed around the points c c and the. back-band twines by the aforementioned twine-carriers. The finger p immediately drops after the passage oi' the shuttles a, showing the position oftwine a at this period. rlhe center needle moves to the right and up as the carriage moves to the right. The tensiontingers g g again pull on the knot iirst formed and the vibrating tnger h( rises to catch the twinea on. the front. As the shuttle comes to the picker2 it will be thrown from the boxe to the boxf, the twines assuming the positions as shown by I)6 and al3 in Fig. 20. The vibrating lingers h h move to the right, the finger h at the same time'being raised to its extreme elevation and carrying the twine a to the position au. The twine a being raised by the finger h, the shuttle is passed from f to c, going under the back twine and over the front one, as shown i i i by (U5. The tinger-t drops and the finger h rises to its extreme elevation. The tinger g' drops and the thin point catches the twine between the vibrating iingers while the center needle, j", moves the twine from the position alf to am. The needle fgoing tothepositionf, the shuttle a will next pass from the box c to the box f, going under the front twine and over the back one. Next the carriage moves to the right, the inger It drops partly down and moves to the lef't, while the twine closes on the needle, the said twine being drawn by the movement of the shuttle to the right. The Iingervh on reaching its extreme left po. sition drops away from the twine, leaving the knot loosely formed, the pawl z having again moved the wheel y one notch. The shuttlebox carriage comes to the right. extreme, the shuttles crossingfrom the boxes e f to the boxes c d., and are then in the positions as at the commencement, such positions being as shown in Fig. 7.

As will be seen, two eyes will have been formed, both the twines leading to and from aV knot ofthe first eye made, being laid on the front side ofthe back-band, or nextthe shuttle boxes c d, whereas both the twines leading to and from the knot ot' the second eye will have been laid in the rear ofthe said back-band. In this way the leash-twine Y and the wire c will be inclosed in the hard side ofthe harness. l`he operation being carried on, the ratchet y will be moved one notch ateac-h heddle formed, and if continued until the said ratchet g/ has made one-half of one revolution the bear-twine will be carried across the backband in such manner that it will be knit into the said back-band by the knitting mechanism hereinbei'orc described. The operation is further continued until the disk 32 has made one revolution and the spring 4t) has lei't the shield 33, and by pressing upon the forked lever 34 has forced the clutch 43 from its connection with the gear I, thereby causing the shuttle-boxes to remain stationary and preventing the further formation of eyes or heddles, the knitting of the back-band continuing| until the spring 39 on the disk 32 may leave the shield 33 and press on the forked lever 34, and thereby cause the clutch 43 to be reengaged with the gear I, which having taken place another shade or harness will be commenced.

It' it be desirable to stop the entixe machine at the end of any shade, the rod j) should be adjusted into the clutch-groove 3S, so that when the clutch 43 may be disengaged the lever q will also disengage the clutch 1" with the driving-pulley D.

In our machine as above described each ot the cam shat'ts H H makes but halt' a revolution during the formation of one heddle, the other or next heddle being completed during the succeeding half-revolution otl each of the shafts. The result of this operation is the formation ot what is termed the leash of the harness, which could not be made unless an even number of heddles were formed during each entire revolution. of each of the said shafts.

The cam t), which operates the shuttle-box carriage, is so made, or should be so constructed and operated, as to produce the movements ot' the said carriage necessary to the formation of the two heddles while the cainshafts ll and H make an entire revolution. By removing the tension-fingers g g'" from the machine it will make what is termed a singleknotted harness. By removing` from t'ne machine the fingers h It it will make while in operation what manufacturers term a leasl1-hariiess, or one without eyes.

W'e do not claim as our invention a machine by which the heald twine of the light haltl ot' a harness has been so operated as not only to be looped properly, but knit to its backband, the .hard halfl of the harness being next made by manual labor and connected to its back-band by mechanism eonstitutin g part of such machine.

Vhatl we claim as our inveiition,'and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is an automatic machine or combination composed of the following elements, viz z 1. Machinery for supporting the backbands and moving them in the order required for the operation ofthe shuttles.

2. Mechanism for operating the two twines for forming the light and hard halves of the harness, and either with or without the eyes, substantially as hereinbcfore specilied.'

3. Mechanism or means for encircling the back-bands with fastening-twines, and knit ting or securing to the said back-bands the said fastening-mines, and certain other twines carried and operated by shuttles or their mechanical equivalents.

4. The combinationv of the said automatic machine and mechanism for interweaving with the light half of the harness a bear-string or tokeningthread, the whole being substantially as described.

5. The combination of the said automatic machine and a mechanism for arresting its motions whenever any one of the twines ot' the shuttle'spools may break or a shuttle-spool may have its entire twine run from it and re quire to be replenished with more.

6. The combination of the said automatic machine and mechanism by which the machine will not only be caused to continue its operation until an entire harness may have been made by it, but will have its shuttles stopped in their action, so as to enable the back bands to be drawn through the machine the necessary distance t'or the commencement of another'harness, thc shuttles being next thrown into operation for the production ot' this last mentioned harness.

7. The combination of the saine and a. ineehaiiisiii for drawing the back-bands through the machine the necessary distance for the con'imeneement ot another harness.

8. rEhe combination ot the said automatic machine and a mechanism by which its entire operation may be arrested on the completion of a harness. Y

S). The improved machine as not only provided with a shuttle-frame, g, movable substantially as described, and carrying the shuttles and moving them in directions longitudi-v nally ot' thc machine, and with respect to the back-bands, in the manner as explained, but as having its baclrbands supported and operated substantially as specified.

10. The combination of the twines Y Y or their mechanical equivalent-s with harness-making mechanism, substantially as described.

1l. The combination of the stationary center piece k with one or more shuttles, to be operated substantially as described, the purpose of the said fixed center-piece beinghereinbei'ore specified.

l2. The combination ofthe vibrating iingers li la with the. stationary center piece 7c and one or more shuttles, operated or to operate substantially as described.

13. The combination of the vibrating guide needle or tingerf with the vibrating lingers h h, the stationary center point K', and one or more shuttles, operated or to operateiuistantially as specilied.

Y14:. The construction ot" the machine, substantially as described, to form the leash ot' the harness, it being accomplished by giving to the eam-shafts-H and H but half arevolution during the formation ot' each successive heddle, in manner and by means as specified.

WILLIAM lt. HARRIS. vGEORGE WV. HARRIS.

Vitnesses for William lt. Harris:

S. H. Borna, HENRY WILDE. W'itnesses for George XV. Harris:

F. CURTIS, F. P. HALE, Jr. 

